I was a construction project manager for two huge projects (over a million sq ft combined) in NYC from '86 - '88. Both were full gut renovations of commercial buildings in Long Island City, meaning every wire, pipe, window, door etc. Full exterior work, as well.
I have some stories I'm still uncomfortable telling, but if the members of certain unions knew what their "representatives" were doing they would probably kill them.
We had numerous "ghost' workers, whose job was to do the work a union guy was allegedly doing. In fact, I hardly paid attention to the union guys - either their foreman was making sure they worked (rare), or they just weren't going to do anything.
The Steamfitters were a notable exception, they were total pros and their tough-as-nails foreman made sure of it.
All of our own (non-union) workers were well paid, well treated, and happy to be working for us. The best workers moved up the ladder, and several of them started their own companies, all with loans from my boss, who didn't charge them interest.
Between the unions and the mob, I figure construction costs in NYC during that time were close to double what they should have been.
Overall, I was pretty unimpressed with the unions.
So, if the construction trades are rife with gangsters, this should disqualify unions representing say health professionals, educators, retail workers etc?